South Asia Persian Chart---Rodrigo Rovner
Political- Barbaric invasions bring the Gupta Empire to an end. The Pallava Dynasty controls India. India also establishes the Chalukyan kingdom. Pallava dynasty ends in 888 ce. Around 1000 ce, Ghanzni conquers Punjab and 20 years later he attacks northen India. Also, in 1497, the Mughal dynasty is established. Around 500 ce, the Hunus, who were a nomadic group from Xiongnu, successfully took over the Indus River Civilization. Because there was no central power during this time period, there existed individual states.
Economy- The Charkhi was invented, which was known as the "wooden-worm-worked roller". It was an early form of the cotton gin. Also, bridges had begun to be built as well as dams. Sher Shah issued silver currency that was later imitated by the Mughal empire. Indigo was used as a dye in India, which was also a major center for its production and processing. Crystalized sugar was found during the Gupta dynasty and production of the first candied sugar began in India. Also, Indian ships were used to trade goods along the Indian ocean at the time. There was a caste system because of the Hindu religion and also people had guild associations.
Religion- The rise of devotion of major deities began in 500 ce (Vishnu, Shiva, Devi). Hinduism also became major during this time period, as Hindu philosophy was used. Academic centers for Buddhist learning also flourished during the 6th century ce, but Hinduism began to gain influence over Buddhism. The Vedanta philosophy was the end of the Vedas and was a favorable alternative to Buddhism. Peaceful diffusion of religion and culture happened through to priests and traders. With the revival of Hinduism, the caste system was expanded.
Society- The caste system of the Hindu religion created class distinctions in which the Brahmin (priests) were at the top, followed by Kshatryia (warriors), then Viasya (merchants/landowners), then Sudras (commoners/peasants/servants), and lastly a group of people not even considered to be part of thew system called "Untouchables" which were street sweepers/latrine cleaners. Also, marriage between caste classes was not allowed, as a woman must marry a man of the same class. Men would marry very young women that were between the ages of 8 and 14.
Innovations- Madhava of Sangamagrama found the infinite series of numbers knows as pi (3.14). He founded this number with the Kerala School of astronomy and mathematics. Sanskrit also returned and became main religion of the Indians. Oral traditions, stories, and histories were now recorded in sanskrit. Nilakantha Somayaji and the Kerala School of astronomy and mathematics revised the elliptical model for the planets of Mercury and Venus, which were most accurate until around the 17th century ce. Although the origins of the spinning wheel is uncertain, India is a probable location of its creation. The Kanada school proposed that atoms are invisible and eternal and cannot be created nor destroyed.
Art/architecture- Art during this time period was considered the epitome of the classical period. The Qutub Minar was constructed and is the world's tallest brick minaret, built during the Slave Dynasty. Also, the famous Taj Mahal was built by the Mughals of India. The Taj Mahal is a white marble mausoleum, built by Mughal Emporer Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife. The Taj Mahal was recognized as the "jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritages. free-standing began to be built starting in the 5th century ce, and rock-cut temples continued to be made up until the 12th century ce.
Near Geographic- The Ganges is the longest river, originating in India and is used for transportation and trade. India is bounded by the Indian Ocean, which allows for simple access to trade and travel. To the north if India lies many mountain ranges which create a natural border between India and other countries and make it so that access to India is only possible from the North-West. India also possesses the world's 7th largest desert called the Thar Desert. The Deccan Plateau is a large triangular plateau that gives rise to several peninsular rivers.
http://sasindiaprojectdperiod.pbworks.com/w/page/32080850/History%20of%20India%20400BC%20-%201500AD
http://www.timemaps.com/history/south-asia-500ad
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/india/indiasbook.asp#Medieval India
Economy- The Charkhi was invented, which was known as the "wooden-worm-worked roller". It was an early form of the cotton gin. Also, bridges had begun to be built as well as dams. Sher Shah issued silver currency that was later imitated by the Mughal empire. Indigo was used as a dye in India, which was also a major center for its production and processing. Crystalized sugar was found during the Gupta dynasty and production of the first candied sugar began in India. Also, Indian ships were used to trade goods along the Indian ocean at the time. There was a caste system because of the Hindu religion and also people had guild associations.
Religion- The rise of devotion of major deities began in 500 ce (Vishnu, Shiva, Devi). Hinduism also became major during this time period, as Hindu philosophy was used. Academic centers for Buddhist learning also flourished during the 6th century ce, but Hinduism began to gain influence over Buddhism. The Vedanta philosophy was the end of the Vedas and was a favorable alternative to Buddhism. Peaceful diffusion of religion and culture happened through to priests and traders. With the revival of Hinduism, the caste system was expanded.
Society- The caste system of the Hindu religion created class distinctions in which the Brahmin (priests) were at the top, followed by Kshatryia (warriors), then Viasya (merchants/landowners), then Sudras (commoners/peasants/servants), and lastly a group of people not even considered to be part of thew system called "Untouchables" which were street sweepers/latrine cleaners. Also, marriage between caste classes was not allowed, as a woman must marry a man of the same class. Men would marry very young women that were between the ages of 8 and 14.
Innovations- Madhava of Sangamagrama found the infinite series of numbers knows as pi (3.14). He founded this number with the Kerala School of astronomy and mathematics. Sanskrit also returned and became main religion of the Indians. Oral traditions, stories, and histories were now recorded in sanskrit. Nilakantha Somayaji and the Kerala School of astronomy and mathematics revised the elliptical model for the planets of Mercury and Venus, which were most accurate until around the 17th century ce. Although the origins of the spinning wheel is uncertain, India is a probable location of its creation. The Kanada school proposed that atoms are invisible and eternal and cannot be created nor destroyed.
Art/architecture- Art during this time period was considered the epitome of the classical period. The Qutub Minar was constructed and is the world's tallest brick minaret, built during the Slave Dynasty. Also, the famous Taj Mahal was built by the Mughals of India. The Taj Mahal is a white marble mausoleum, built by Mughal Emporer Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife. The Taj Mahal was recognized as the "jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritages. free-standing began to be built starting in the 5th century ce, and rock-cut temples continued to be made up until the 12th century ce.
Near Geographic- The Ganges is the longest river, originating in India and is used for transportation and trade. India is bounded by the Indian Ocean, which allows for simple access to trade and travel. To the north if India lies many mountain ranges which create a natural border between India and other countries and make it so that access to India is only possible from the North-West. India also possesses the world's 7th largest desert called the Thar Desert. The Deccan Plateau is a large triangular plateau that gives rise to several peninsular rivers.
http://sasindiaprojectdperiod.pbworks.com/w/page/32080850/History%20of%20India%20400BC%20-%201500AD
http://www.timemaps.com/history/south-asia-500ad
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/india/indiasbook.asp#Medieval India