Political
Qing dynasty: (1644-1911)
Lasted during this entire period. The Qing dynasty was ruled by several emperors, notably Kangxi and Qianlong.
Emperor Kangxi: (May 4th, 1654 - December 20, 1722)
Kangxi was the 4th emperor of the Qing dynasty. Kangxi became emperor in the meager age of seven. He ruled the Qing dynasty for 61 years, in which he made great achievements.
At the beginning of his reign, the Qing dynasty's signature army, the Eight Banners Army, was severely weakened after the fall of the previous emperors. As a result, Kangxi greatly enforced the Eight Banners Army, fortifying it greater than it will ever be in the future. Kangxi made a few changes to this system, where sole survivors to killed upon return. This encouraged the Chinese soldiers to fight together fearlessly.
Kangxi managed to be victorious in several military wars. One of these was the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, in which three feudal states revolted against the Qing government, hence its name. Kangxi, by befriending one of the feudal lords, Wang Fuchen, managed to defeat the over feudal states and as a result, the Qing dynasty had won.
Kangxi also conquered Tibet, which is part of China in present day, almost three and a half centuries later. In addition, the Qing dynasty also navally conquered Taiwan, but later, during the 20th century, was overtaken by Chiang Kai-shek.
Lasted during this entire period. The Qing dynasty was ruled by several emperors, notably Kangxi and Qianlong.
Emperor Kangxi: (May 4th, 1654 - December 20, 1722)
Kangxi was the 4th emperor of the Qing dynasty. Kangxi became emperor in the meager age of seven. He ruled the Qing dynasty for 61 years, in which he made great achievements.
At the beginning of his reign, the Qing dynasty's signature army, the Eight Banners Army, was severely weakened after the fall of the previous emperors. As a result, Kangxi greatly enforced the Eight Banners Army, fortifying it greater than it will ever be in the future. Kangxi made a few changes to this system, where sole survivors to killed upon return. This encouraged the Chinese soldiers to fight together fearlessly.
Kangxi managed to be victorious in several military wars. One of these was the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, in which three feudal states revolted against the Qing government, hence its name. Kangxi, by befriending one of the feudal lords, Wang Fuchen, managed to defeat the over feudal states and as a result, the Qing dynasty had won.
Kangxi also conquered Tibet, which is part of China in present day, almost three and a half centuries later. In addition, the Qing dynasty also navally conquered Taiwan, but later, during the 20th century, was overtaken by Chiang Kai-shek.
Economics
Opium was introduced to China, in the nineteenth-century, by the British. Before 1750, the Chinese used to have great influence in global trade due to the continued desire for Chinese goods. The introduction of opium to India and eventually China refocused the trade balance to favor the British. After realizing that opium was bad for the economy, the Chinese tried to stop the opium trade between China and Britain, with no avail. Afterwards, two wars related to control of opium ensued.
Religion
Neoconfucianism was prominent in this era. However, Neoconfucianism's influence declined after women started reforms for more rights for women. As a result, Buddhism became the new dominant religion in China. Buddhism later spread to Japan, Korea, and later South Asian regions such as Vietnam and Cambodia.
Society
Since the decline of land for agriculture decreased and the population of China increased, the lifestyles and quality of life in the beginning of the time period began to decline. Opium addiction caused workers to fail to attend to work. Additionally, due to the poor conditions created during this time, it led to the start of the Taiping Rebellion. Following the defeat of several wars, China became almost like a Soviet nation in that it shut out its borders from all foreigners and created an "anti-foreign" point of view.
Innovations
The Japanese formed a very strong naval army. The Japanese's strong army led to their victory against the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War.
Additionally, the Qing Chinese began to reuse examination to work for the government, which was first created during the Han dynasty.
Additionally, the Qing Chinese began to reuse examination to work for the government, which was first created during the Han dynasty.
Arts and Architecture
A very popular work of art introduced during this period is the Great Wave of Kanagawa. In addition, landscape portraits and self-portraits became popularized in this time period.
Near Geographic
North: Mongolia, Gobi Desert, Siberia.
West: Middle East, Turkey, and Tibet.
South: Himalaya Mountain Range, India, Nepal.
East: Manchu, Korea, Japan, Pacific Ocean.
West: Middle East, Turkey, and Tibet.
South: Himalaya Mountain Range, India, Nepal.
East: Manchu, Korea, Japan, Pacific Ocean.
http://www.learn.columbia.edu/nanxuntu/html/emperors/
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/311006/Kangxi
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/430160/opium-trade
http://faculty.washington.edu/mkalton/NeoConfucianism.htm
http://revcom.us/a/china/opium.htm
http://www.russojapanesewar.com/torelli-1.html
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/te_index.asp?s=east+asia&t=1800-1900_ad
http://metmuseum.com/toah/ht/?period=10®ion=eac
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Kangxi1699.jpg/220px-Kangxi1699.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Slaapbol_R0017601.JPG
http://a1.files.saymedia-content.com/image/upload/c_fill,g_face,h_300,q_80,w_300/MTE5NDg0MDU0OTMwNjg3NTAz.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa2.jpg
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/311006/Kangxi
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/430160/opium-trade
http://faculty.washington.edu/mkalton/NeoConfucianism.htm
http://revcom.us/a/china/opium.htm
http://www.russojapanesewar.com/torelli-1.html
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/te_index.asp?s=east+asia&t=1800-1900_ad
http://metmuseum.com/toah/ht/?period=10®ion=eac
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Kangxi1699.jpg/220px-Kangxi1699.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Slaapbol_R0017601.JPG
http://a1.files.saymedia-content.com/image/upload/c_fill,g_face,h_300,q_80,w_300/MTE5NDg0MDU0OTMwNjg3NTAz.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa2.jpg